North East England

North East England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... region, the North East has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in England. ... The North-East region has the lowest GDP/capita in England, and second lowest in the ...
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North East England (European Parliament constituency) - Wikipedia, the ...
North East England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... The constituency corresponds to the North East England region of the United Kingdom, ...
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North East travel guide - Wikitravel
Open source travel guide to North East, featuring up-to-date information on ... The real beauty of North East England is its secret. ...
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{{infobox England region |name = North-East England |short_name = North-East |hq = Newcastle upon Tyne |imagename = image:EnglandNorthEast.png |status = Regions of England |area_km2= 8,592 |area_mi2= 3,317 |area_rank= 8th |density = 293/km² |nuts= UKC |euro= North East England (European Parliament constituency) |population = 2,515,442 (2001) |population_rank= 9th |gdp_rank= 9th |gdp=13,275 |assembly = North East Assembly |election = non-directly elected |url = http://www.northeastassembly.gov.uk |-->North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire.

The highest point in the region is The Cheviot, in Northumberland, at . The principal city is Newcastle Upon Tyne, with the largest city in terms of area and population being City of Sunderland.

As well as its urban centres of Tyneside, Wearside and Teesside the region is also noted for the richness of its natural beauty. Northumberland National Park, the region's coastline, its section of the Pennines and Weardale provides evidence for this. It also has great historic importance, the evidence of which is seen in Northumberland's Castles and the two World Heritage Sites of Durham Cathedral and Hadrian's Wall.

The shipbuilding industry that once dominated both Wearside and Tyneside suffered a terrible decline during the second half of the twentieth century. Tyneside is now re-inventing itself as an international centre of art and culture and, through The Centre For Life, scientific research (especially in stem cell technology). After suffering economic decline during the last century, Wearside is becoming an important area for quaternary industry, science and high technology. The economy of Teesside is largely based on its petrochemical industry. Northumberland and County Durham, both being largely rural, base much of its economy on farming and tourism. The North East has the List_of_United_Kingdom_nations_by_GDP_per_capita GDP per capita in England.

In May 2005 the 'Passionate people. Passionate places' Regional Image campaign was launched to promote North East England as a great place to work, study, visit and invest in.

Local government The official Regions of England consists of the following subdivisions:

{| class="wikitable"|-! Map || Ceremonial county || County /unitary || Districts|-| rowspan="9" | || colspan="2" | 1. Northumberland † ]
Wansbeck
Castle Morpeth
Tynedale
Alnwick (district)
Berwick-upon-Tweed (borough)|-| colspan="2" | Tyne and Wear * ]
3. Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead
4. North Tyneside
5. South Tyneside
6. City of Sunderland|-| rowspan="4" | County Durham ]
Easington (district)
Sedgefield (borough)
Teesdale (district)
Wear Valley
Derwentside
Chester-le-Street (district)|-| colspan="2" | 8. Darlington (borough)|-| colspan="2" | 9. Hartlepool (borough)|-| colspan="2" | 10. Stockton-on-Tees (borough) North of River Tees|-| rowspan="3" | North Yorkshire
(part only) ] South of River Tees|-| colspan="2" | 11. Redcar and Cleveland|-|}

Key: [shire county = † ] = *

History The region was created in 1994 and was originally defined as Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Cleveland, England. As part of a reform of local government Cleveland has since been abolished and several unitary districts created. The North East has been considered to be very religious especially County Durham, some of the scenery in the outlying villages is amongst the best in the land.

The region is now considered to consist of four distinct 'sub-regions':

County Durham
Northumberland
Tyne and Wear
Tees Valley (former Cleveland area plus Darlington)

Friendly City The region has been counted as the most friendly in the UK, Newcastle attracts thousands of visitors per month such as Stag and Hen parties.

Biodiversity The region has a rich natural heritage, its diverse landscape includes maritime cliffs and extensive moorland containing a number of rare species of flora and fauna. Of particular importance are the saltmarshes of Lindisfarne,the Tees Estuary, the heaths, bogs and traditional upland hay meadows of the North Pennines, the distinctive Arctic-alpine flora of Upper Teesdale, the Farne Islands (which contain rare seabirds such as the Roseate Tern) and the Magnesian Limestone grasslands of East Durham - a habitat found nowhere else in the world. The North East also features woodland such as Kielder Forest, the largest man-made forest in Europe. This is located within Northumberland National Park and contains an important habitat for the endangered red squirrel. The region is the English stronghold of black grouse and contains 80-90% of the UK population ofyellow marsh saxifrage.

Transport Most important towns in the North East are on the East Coast Main Line, with fast connections to London and Edinburgh, as well as being close to the A1 road or A19 road. However, north of Morpeth, the A1 is single carriageway. There is the Newcastle International Ferry Terminal at North Shields. DFDS operate two ferries a day to Amsterdam and one a day on the Stavanger - Haugesund - Bergen route. The two main airports are Newcastle Airport and Durham Tees Valley Airport.The Tyne and Wear Metro is a light rail network which serves the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, with stations in both Sunderland and Newcastle city centres, other towns and suburbs in the county, as well as at Newcastle Airport and other attractions such as the Stadium of Light, St James' Park and Gateshead Stadium

Economy The North-East region has the List_of_United_Kingdom_nations_by_GDP_per_capita GDP per capita in England, and second lowest in the United Kingdom only behind Wales. The economy for several decades was idiosyncratically predicated on ship building and coal mining; hence the phrase taking Wiktionary:coals to Newcastle. County Durham and Northumberland are largely agricultural. Nationally well-known companies in the North East include ICI in Middlesbrough. Swan Hunter still makes ships in Wallsend. Scottish & Newcastle is the largest UK-owned brewery, and has the Newcastle Federation Brewery in Dunston, Tyne and Wear, producing Newcastle Brown Ale. Petroplus refine oil at the Port Clarence Port Clarence Refinery. The government's Child benefit office is in Washington, Tyne and Wear. Northern Rock building society is based in Gosforth. Findus UK is based in Longbenton. Nestlé have a chocolate factory in Fawdon. The MetroCentre, the largest shopping centre in Europe, is in Dunston, Tyne and Wear. Before 2000 the Government Offices in Longbenton had a 1 mile long corridor which went all along the outside of the buildings, since then the whole place has changed with new buildings being built.

Education The North East education system consists of largely comprehensive schools but with a number of private and independent schools found in Newcastle, Sunderland, Durham, Stockton and Northumberland in particular. At GCSE level, the region performs similar to other largely urban areas although generally results are below the national average. Middlesbrough performs the worst with average results significantly below the national average for England, followed closely by Newcastle and Sunderland. Both Northumberland and North Tyneside perform above average, with Northumberland the best. St Thomas More R.C. School in Blaydon (a voluntary funded Roman Catholic specialist technology college) and Emmanuel College (a selective independent state school) are two of the best performing schools in Gateshead. Other well performing schools in the region include Gateshead High School for Girls, Westfield School, Newcastle upon Tyne in Newcastle,Park View Community School in Durham and Lord Lawson of Beamish Community School in Birtley.

At A-level, local education authorities in the north east are improving at a greater rate than the national average, but produce results substantially below other areas of the England. Sunderland performs the best, followed by Darlington and Redcar and Cleveland. South Tyneside is the worst performing Local education authoritys at A-level in the region.

The independent and private schools in the area perform highly. Central Newcastle High School and Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, Newcastle were both named in the top 100 independent schools nationally in 2006. Other well-performing private schools include Durham School, one of the oldest schools in England and Grindon Hall Christian School in Sunderland, a private non-selective school. The private schools out-perform the state schools.

Top ten state schools in North East England (A level results 2006)

1. Cleveland College of Art and Design (910)
2. Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College
3. Durham Johnston Comprehensive School
4. Queen Elizabeth High School, Hexham
5. Park View Community School
6. St Robert of Newminster Roman Catholic School
7. King Edward VI School, Morpeth
8. Cramlington Community High School
9. Bede College
10. Longbenton Community College (803)

At the higher education level the North East contains a number of internationally acclaimed universities. These include the University of Durham, the third oldest university in England; Newcastle University, a member of the Russel Group and the newer universities of Northumbria University, University of Sunderland and the University of Teesside.

Local media Local media include:

Regional television comes the BBC North East and Cumbria region, which has the regional evening BBC Look North (North East and Cumbria) programme from Spital Tongues in Newcastle. The ITV region, Tyne Tees Television, has the evening programme North East Tonight from Gateshead.
BBC Radios BBC Radio Newcastle and BBC Radio Cleveland
Commercial radio stations such as: Metro Radio (Newcastle), 100-102 Century FM (Gateshead), Galaxy North East (Wallsend), TFM Radio (Thornaby-on-Tees), Alpha 103.2 (Darlington), Sun FM (Sunderland), and Durham FM.
Community radio stations also operate in the area such as: NE1 FM(Newcastle).
Local regional newspapers are the Sunderland Echo (Sunderland), Evening Chronicle (Newcastle), The Journal (newspaper) (Newcastle), Evening Gazette (Teesside) (Middlesbrough), Shields Gazette (South Shields), Hartlepool Mail, and The Northern Echo (Darlington).